what is hybridization

Hybridization 

Intermixing between two different orbital and the same energy and form a new orbital. this process is called hybridization. the new orbital thus form is known as hybrid orbital.
characteristic of hybridization:-1) hybridization is mixing of two orbitals and not an electron therefore in hybridization full-field half field and empty orbital may take part.  2) the number of hybrid orbitals formed is always an equivalent number of atomic orbital which have taken part in hybridization.

Types of hybridization:-
SP-hybridization:-
The mixing of one s orbital and one p orbital and forming two sp hybrid orbital equal energy knows as sp hybridization.characteristic of sp hybridization:-1)two sp hybrid orbital is equal in energy.2)sp hybridization is also called diagonal hybridization.3)the ratio s and p orbital in sp hybridization orbital is 1:1. 4) bond angle is 180°.

Examples of sp Hybridization:- BeF2, BeH2, BeCl2..

sp2 hybridization:-the mixing of one s orbital and two p orbital and formed three sp2   hybrid orbitals of equal energy know as sp2 hybridization.characteristic of sp2 hybridization:-1)three sp2 hybrid orbital is equal in energy. 2)three sp2 hybrid orbital is situated at a triangular planer and directed toward 120° with respect to each other. 3) ratio of s and p character is 1:3.examples:-BF3, BH3

sp3 hybridization:-the mixing of one s orbital and three p orbital and formed four sp3  hybrid orbitals of equal energy know sp3 as hybridization.characteristic of sp3 hybridization:-1)The angle between the sp3 hybrid orbitals is 109.2802)each sp3 hybrid orbital has 25% s character and 75%p character.examples:- C₂H₆

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